RasūlAllāh — the Seal of the Prophets, mercy to all the worlds
Lineage, Family, Character, and Life Story of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Compiled from Imam Ibn Sayyid al-Nas's Nur al-Uyun and other Sirah texts to nourish the love of the Ummah.
RasūlAllāh ﷺ is the leader of all men and the liege-lord of all Prophets. What follows is granted to him alone.
We should love him more than anyone else in this world — far more than our parents, our children and everyone else. One cannot be a complete Muslim until he or she loves RasūlAllāh ﷺ more than everyone else. One should hope for and strive for this love because, on the Day of Judgement, "a man will be with whom he loves."
Two lines of noble descent, converging at Kilāb, and meeting again in RasūlAllāh ﷺ.
Muştafā ﷺ was born in Makkah on Monday, the 12th of Rabīý al-Awwal, in the year of the Attack of the Elephants.
From the year of the Elephant to Madīnah al-Munawwarah — a life measured in Common Era, years Before the Hijrah, and years Anno Hegirae.
Born in Makkah on Monday, the 12th of Rabīý al-Awwal, in the year of the Attack of the Elephants.
The mother of Muştafā ﷺ, Sayyidah Āminah, passes away.
His grandfather Ábd al-Muţţalib, who had taken him into his care, passes away.
Goes to the Levant with his uncle Abū Ţālib. At Buşrā, the monk Baĥīrā recognises him ﷺ.
Muştafā ﷺ marries Sayyidah Khadījah, a forty-year-old widow. Muştafā ﷺ did not marry another lady in her lifetime.
The Kaábah is rebuilt by the Quraysh; RasūlAllāh ﷺ places the Black Stone with his own blessed hands.
Muştafā ﷺ receives the first revelation in the cave of Ĥirā'a on the Mountain of Light (Jabal al-Nūr), on Monday, the 8th of Rabīý al-Awwal.
The people of Makkah boycott and blockade the family of RasūlAllāh ﷺ and subject them to brutal sanctions for more than three years, to force them to stop aiding RasūlAllāh ﷺ.
Death of Abū Ţālib. A few days later, Sayyidah Khadījah ﷺ passes away.
The five-times-daily prayer is made obligatory.
Muştafā ﷺ emigrates to Madīnah, thirteen years after the proclamation of his prophethood. He reaches Madīnah on Monday, the 8th of Rabīý al-Awwal, 1 AH.
Fasting is enjoined upon the believers for the first time.
The prohibition of intoxicants is revealed.
The pilgrimage is made obligatory. In the same year, the Treaty of Ĥudaybiyyah (bayáh al-riđwān) is concluded.
Muştafā ﷺ entered Makkah on the 20th of Ramaḍān, 8 AH.
Tribal delegations arrive from across Arabia to pledge allegiance to Islam.
Muştafā ﷺ passed away from this mundane world, in Madīnah al-Munawwarah, on Monday, the 12th of Rabīý al-Awwal, 11 AH.
Qul lā asalukum álayhi ajran illa'l mawaddata fi'l qurbā — "Say: I ask of you no reward for this, except love for my kinsfolk."
RasūlAllāh ﷺ was neither very tall in height, nor was he impishly short; rather, he was of a medium height. His hair was neither very curly, nor very straight; rather, it was wavy. His face was neither plump, nor was it round; rather, it was oval shaped. His complexion was white with a rosy hue.
His bright eyes had intensely black pupils and long eyelashes. He was well-built and had broad shoulders. He had sparse body hair; however, he had hair on his chest, and also on his arms and legs. His palms and feet were fleshy and sturdy.
When he walked, he lifted his foot firmly and with vigour, as if he were descending on a slope. When turning towards someone, he would turn fully towards them to face them, and not just turn his neck. Between his two shoulders was the Seal of Prophethood; and he is the Seal of all Prophets.
He had the most generous heart in his bosom, and he was the most eloquent and truthful among all men. He was kind, patient, considerate and magnanimous. Whoever saw him suddenly would be awestruck; and those who became familiar and stayed in his company would love him.
His hair would reach his earlobes. There were no more than twenty grey hairs in both his blessed head and beard. His face was radiant and shone like the full moon. He was immensely beautiful to behold. He was the epitome of dignity in silence; and when he spoke, there was an effusion of splendour and awe.
From afar, he appeared graceful, elegant and the most handsome of all. So also from near; he was the most beautiful, comely and pleasant. His speech was sweet and his forehead ample. His eyebrows were thin and long, and were not joined; his nose was aquiline — thin and straight, with a raised bridge. His cheeks were soft, he had a full mouth, and his teeth were spotless and white. There was a narrow gap between his two front teeth. [Nūr al-Úyūn]
Swords: Dhu'l Fiqār, Qalaýī, Battār, Ĥatf, Mikhdam, Rasūb, Ma'thūr, Áđb, Qađīb. Lances: Muthwiy and three others.
Walking Stick: Úrjūn · Baton: Mamshūq · Aventail: Sabūgh · Armours: Sughdiyyah, Fiđđah, Dhāt al-Fuđul · An iron-tipped staff, a leather belt with three loops of silver, and a white flag.
Horses: Sakb, Murtajiz, Lizāz, Lahīf, Żarib, Ward, Đars, Mulāwiĥ, Sab'ĥah, Baĥr. Riding Camels: Qaswā, Áđbā'a, Jadáā'a.
Ewe: Ghaythah · Mules: Dul-dul, Fiđđah, Ayliyyah · Donkey: Yáfūr · A white rooster, hundreds of sheep, and twenty milch camels in the woods.
Badr (Ramaḍān 2 AH) · Uĥud (Shawwāl 3 AH) · Khandaq (Dhu'l Qádah 5 AH) · Banī Qurayżah (Dhu'l Qádah 5 AH) · Banī Muşţaliq (Shábān 6 AH) · Khaybar (Jumādā al-Ūlā 6 AH) · Conquest of Makkah (Ramaḍān 8 AH) · Ĥunayn (Shawwāl 8 AH) · Ţāýif (Shawwāl 8 AH).
Also mentioned: Wādī al-Qurā, Ghābah and Banī Naḍīr.
Two Ĥibarah mantles, an Omani lower-garment, two Şuĥārī cloaks, a Şuĥārī and a Suĥūlī shirt, a Yemeni jubbah, a napkin, a white cloak, three or four tight-fitting skull caps, a dyed blanket.
A pouch for an ivory comb, a vial of kohl, scissors, a toothbrush (miswāk), plain socks presented by Najāshī, a bed of leather stuffed with palm fibres.
Two goblets — one reinforced with silver scraps — a stone basin, a brass vessel, a brass bucket, a cauldron, a measuring jar and a smaller measuring vessel, a couch, a velvet quilt, a black cloak, and a turban named Şaĥāb, which he gifted to Álī. Two garments kept for Fridays, apart from those worn on other days; a towel to wipe his blessed face after ablution.
A signet ring of silver, with a silver bezel, engraved with the words "Muĥammad, Messenger of Allāh."
His clothes were not ostentatious or grandiose. He wore clothes made of wool, and loved the ĥibarah — a Yemenite cloak with red and white stripes. He liked to wear the qamīş, and liked the colour green. On Fridays he would wear a reddish cloak and a turban.
He loved perfumes, and used ghāliyah (a mixed perfume) or pure musk. He disliked offensive smells. He would apply kohl to his eyes — three times in the right eye, and twice in the left. He would oil his hair and his beard, and liked to begin from the right in every action. He also used a mirror.
He never travelled without: a flacon of oil, a vial of kohl, a mirror, a comb, a pair of scissors, a toothbrush (miswāk), a needle and thread. He also had cupping (ĥijāmah) done on him.
He did not partake from alms and charity, but accepted and reciprocated gifts. His food was neither sumptuous nor extravagant. He would go hungry at times, and would tie stones upon his belly to suppress hunger. He would eat with three fingers and lick them afterward. He would drink seated, and in three draughts.
He has eaten: bread with vinegar, flesh of chicken and houbara, calabash (bottle gourd), shoulder meat of lamb, olive oil, barley bread with dates, watermelon with fresh dates, cucumber with fresh dates, and dates with cream. He loved sweets and honey.
Sayyidah Āýishah said: "His character was the Qur'ān." His anger or pleasure was only for the sake of his Allāh — he did not avenge or become angry for personal reasons. He was the bravest, the most generous, and the most magnanimous of men, and never refused anyone. He did not hoard gold or silver; he would stock only a year's worth of provision of dates and wheat, and give away everything else.
He was the most truthful, righteous, trustworthy, courteous, honourable, honest and upright of men. He was immensely forbearing, bashful and modest — he was more bashful than a veiled maiden, and his gaze was always lowered in bashfulness and humility.
He would mend his own shoes and clothes. He accepted invitations from everyone. He was the kindest of men, and would ask slaves to ride with him on his mule. He did not scold his servants or slaves, nor hit them; he did not maintain distinction and treated everyone as equals. He would forgive even his enemies. He visited the sick, loved the poor, sat with them and attended their funerals. He fasted on Mondays and Thursdays.
The Qur'ān itself. The cleaving of his chest. Informing the Meccans about Jerusalem. His splitting of the moon. Surāqah's horse sank into the ground when he pursued him. Upon his touch, Umm Maábad's ewe gave plenty of milk, as did a young she-goat which had never mated.
Upon his prayer: Sayyidunā Úmar became Muslim; Sayyidunā Álī became impervious to heat and cold; his sore eye was cured; Jābir's camel became the swiftest animal in the convoy, and Jābir repaid his lenders after his dates were miraculously increased. It rained in Madīnah, and then subsided.
He threw a handful of dust on the enemy at Ĥunayn, and they were vanquished. A tree bore witness that he was the Messenger of Allāh. Rocks and trees saluted him; pebbles glorified Allāh in his hand. A piece of cooked lamb informed him of poison. He fed a thousand warriors from a little dough. Water spouted from his fingers, and thousands drank from it. Brackish water became sweet when he spat in it. With one strike he pulverised a huge boulder in the Trench.
Family, freed and freedmen, the promised ten, his lieutenants and his scribes.
Ĥārith, Qutham, Zubayr, Ghaydāq, Abū Lahab (Ábdu'l Úzzā), Ábdu'l Kábah Ĥajl (Mughayrah), Đirār, Abū Ţālib (Ábd Manāf), Ĥamzah, Ábbās.
Áātikah, Arwā, Umm Ĥakīm (Bayđā), Umaymah, Barrah, Şafiyyah.
Umm Rāfiý Salmā, Barakah, Māriyah, Rayĥānah, Maymūnah bint Saád, Khađrah, Rađwā.
The Ten Given Glad Tidings of Paradise
Abū Bakr al-Şiddīq, Úmar ibn al-Khaţţāb, Úthmān ibn al-Áffān, Álī ibn Abū Ţālib, Zubayr ibn al-Áwwām, Saád ibn Abī Waqqāş, Ábdu'r Raĥmān ibn Áwf, Ţalĥah ibn Úbaydullāh, Sayýīd ibn Zayd, Abū Úbaydah Áāmir ibn al-Jarrāĥ.
Álī, Ĥasan, Ĥusayn, Jaáfar, Ĥamzah, Abū Bakr, Úmar, Muşáb ibn Úmayr, Bilāl, Salmān, Miqdād, Abū Dharr, Ámmār, Ábdullāh ibn Masúūd.
Abū Bakr, Úmar, Úthmān, Álī, Áāmir ibn Fuhayrah, Ábdullāh ibn Arqam, Ubayy ibn Kaáb, Thābit ibn Qays ibn Shammās, Khālid ibn Sayýīd, Ĥanżalah ibn Rabīý, Zayd ibn Thābit, Muáāwiyah (ibn Abī Sufyān), and Shurāĥbīl ibn Ĥasanah.
Zayd ibn Ĥārithah, Usāmah ibn Zayd, Thawbān ibn Bujdud, Abū Kabshah Sulaym, Anasah, Shuqrān (Şāliĥ), Rabāĥ, Yasār, Fađālah, Abū Rāfiý Aslam, Abū Muwayhibah, Rāfiý, Midám, Karkarah, Zayd, Úbayd, Tahmān, Ma'būr, Wāqid, Abū Wāqid, Hishām, Abū Đamrah, Ĥunayn, Abū Áshīb (Aĥmar), Abū Úbayd, Safīnah, Abū Hind, Anjashah, Abū Lubābah.